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The ''U-5'' class was a class of three submarines or U-boats that were operated by the Austro-Hungarian Navy ((ドイツ語:Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine ''or'' K.u.K. Kriegsmarine)) before and during World War I. The class was a part of the Austro-Hungarian Navy's efforts to competitively evaluate three foreign submarine designs. The design of the boats was based upon John Philip Holland's submarine design and featured a single, teardrop hull, which resembled the design of modern nuclear submarines.〔Sieche, p. 21.〕 The class members were just over long and displaced surfaced and submerged. All were originally equipped with two bow torpedo tubes and could carry four torpedoes. The first two boats, ''U-5'' and ''U-6'', built specifically for the Austro-Hungarian Navy, to the same design as the United States C class submarine were partially constructed in the United States and completed at Whitehead & Co. at Fiume. The third was completely constructed by Whitehead's at Fiume and purchased by Austria-Hungary to bolster their U-boat fleet after the outbreak of World War I. All three boats had successes during World War I; between them they sank five ships with a combined tonnage of 22,391. In addition they captured seven ships as prizes and damaged , a French dreadnought of 22,189 tons displacement. All three boats were sunk during the war, though ''U-5'', the lead boat of the class, was raised and recommissioned after her sinking. After the war's end, ''U-5'', the only survivor of the class, was ceded to Italy as a war reparation and was broken up in 1920. == Design and construction == In 1904, after allowing the navies of other countries to pioneer submarine developments, the Austro-Hungarian Navy ordered the Austrian Naval Technical Committee (MTK) to produce a submarine design. The January 1905 design developed by the MTK and other designs submitted by the public as part of a design competition were all rejected by the Navy as impracticable. They instead opted to order two submarines each of designs by Simon Lake, Germaniawerft, and John Philip Holland for a competitive evaluation. The two Holland submarines comprised the ''U-5'' class.〔Gardiner, p. 340.〕〔The Lake design became the ''U-1'' class while the Germaniawerft design became the ''U-3'' class.〕 The Navy authorized two boats, ''U-5'' and ''U-6'', from Whitehead & Co. of Fiume in 1906.〔Gibson and Prendergast, p. 384.〕 The ''U-5'' class was built to the same design as the C class for the US Navy and was built by Robert Whitehead's firm of Whitehead & Co. under license from Holland and his company, Electric Boat.〔 Components for the first two Austrian boats were manufactured by the Electric Boat Company and assembled at Fiume, while the third boat was a speculative private venture by Whitehead that failed to find a buyer and was purchased by Austria-Hungary upon the outbreak of World War I.〔 The ''U-5'' class boats had a single-hulled design with a teardrop-shape that bore a strong resemblance to modern nuclear submarines.〔 The boats were just over long and displaced surfaced, and submerged.〔 The torpedo tubes featured unique, cloverleaf-shaped design hatches that rotated on a central axis.〔 The ships were powered by twin 6-cylinder gasoline engines while surfaced, but suffered from inadequate ventilation which resulted in frequent intoxication of the crew.〔 While submerged, they were propelled by twin electric motors.〔 The first two boats, ''U-5'' and ''U-6'', were ordered by the Austro-Hungarian Navy for evaluation and were partially assembled in the United States, shipped to Fiume, and riveted together by Whitehead & Co., which, author Edwin Sieche reports, "caused a lot of trouble".〔 ''U-5'' was launched in February 1909 and was followed in June by the launch of ''U-6''.〔 Both boats were commissioned by April 1910.〔Sieche, pp. 21–22.〕 The third boat, originally named ''SS-3'', was built on speculation entirely at Whitehead's in Fiume. The boat's design featured improvements in the electrical and mechanical systems.〔 Gibson and Prendergast report that, when built, ''SS-3'' was powered by electric motors for both surface and submerged running. When the surface performance of the electric motors proved disappointing in trials, ''SS-3''s power-plant was rebuilt to match the gasoline/electric combination used in ''U-5'' and ''U-6''.〔Gibson and Prendergast, pp. 384–85.〕 ''SS-3'' was launched in March 1911 and was offered to the Austro-Hungarian Navy, but because the evaluation of the first two ''U-5''-class boats was still underway, they declined to purchase.〔 As built, the ''U-5''-class boats were armed with two bow torpedo tubes and could carry a supply of four torpedoes.〔 By 1915, all had received a 3.7 cm/23 (1.5 in) deck gun.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「U-5-class submarine (Austria-Hungary)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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